EGYPTIANS
Leap Year System- Ancient Egyptians created a 365- day calendar, based on lunar calendar of 12 months of 30 days each plus 5 extra days. In 238 BC, an extra day was added to their calendar every 4 years
Concept of Pi- They calculated the area of a circle by a formula that gave the approximate value of 3.1605. The first calculation of Pi was done by Archimedes of Syracuse, one of the greatest mathematicians of the ancient world.
ROMANS
Amphitheatre- were open-structures most often used for sporting events. The earliest known example was built in Pompeii in 80 BC. The Colosseum in Rome was completed in 80 AD.
Public Baths- They can be seen as an early example of a health club. In the 2nd century BC, the bathhouses were built in Rome and water was provided by the extensive aqueduct systems.
Codex- an ancient manuscript text that took the form of modern books. It had separate pages bound together and placed in between covers. It replaced Scroll.
CHINESE
Compass, Gunpowder, Paper & Printing- are considered to the “Four Great Inventions” from China. Magnetic compass was invented as early as 4th century BC. Gunpowder around 9th century AD.
FRENCH
Braille system of raised dots was created by Louis Braille in 1821, as a method of reading and writing for the seeing impaired. It was an improved version of a military code created by Charles Babier, called ‘night-writing’ a way for soldiers to communicate and read silently in the dark.
Parachute- Louis Sebastien Lenormand made the first recorded jump with his invention based on earlier designs by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1783. It was further developed a few years later as a means of emergency escape from a hot air balloon by Jean Pierre Blanchard.
ENGLISH
Seed Drill was invented by the agricultural technology pioneer Jethro Tull. It allowed the farmers to sow seeds more efficiently and in proper fashion.
World Wide Web- The invention of a system of interlinked hypertexts known as World Wide Web (www) is credited to Tim Berners Lee, in 1989. He later founded the World Wide Web Consortium in 1994.
GERMANS
Fahrenheit Temperature Scale- Physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit proposed his developed temperature scale in 1724. On the Fahrenheit scale, the water freezes at 32 degrees, and boils at 212degrees.
Scale of Mineral Hardness-The Mohs scale describes and ranks minerals by their resistance to being scratched. The scale was created by Friedrich Mohs in 1812.
CANADIANS
Pablum, a cereal for infants that comes pre-cooked and easy to prepare for serving, was created by a team of pediatricians and nutritionists at the Sick Kids Hospital in Toronto. It was first sold commercially in 1931.
Basketball was invented by Dr James Naismith, because he wanted to create an indoor game that was enough of a workout to be played by his students during winter. The first official game of basketball was played in 1892 at a YMCA in Massachusetts.
RUSSIANS
Periodic table of elements- was created by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. His intent was to display the periodic trends among the elements. The table has been amended over years as more elements are discovered
Satellite- The world’s first Earth-orbiting satellite was Sputnik, launched in 1957. The project was first proposed by Sergei Korolev in 1954, was completed by a large team of Soviet Engineers.
BELGIANS
Textbook of Human Anatomy- Andreas Vesalius, called as the father of modern human anatomy, published a seven-volume human anatomy textbook in 1543.
Road Asphalt- used to pave roads was invented by Edward de Smedt, a Belgian working at Columbia University in New York city. Despite being invented by a Belgian in America, it became known as ‘French asphalt movement’. The first paved road was William Street in Newark.
AMERICANS
Phonograph- also known as record player was invented by the great Thomas Alva Edison, in 1877. He began working on it in May of that year, at first because he was playing around with ways to record telegraph messages for transmission by telephone.
Machine Spun Cotton Candy- was first invented in the mid 18th century, but the process of machine heating and spinning it was developed by dentist William Morrisson and John C Wharton in 1897. They first served their confection, under the name ‘fairy floss’ at the World’s Fair in 1904. It was renamed to Cotton Candy
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